The Problem
Engines Waste Half Their Fuel as Heat
- Efficiency stuck at ~30–40%.
- Cooling systems dump 35% of energy.
- Exhaust gases waste another 30%.
- Higher compression ratios are blocked by knock & heat.
The Solution to The Problem
HOPE Turns Coolant Into Power
- Water absorbs compression heat → prevents knock.
- Nearly isothermal compression → less work.
- Steam joins expansion → more work, lower temps.
- Exhaust cool enough to condense & recycle >90% of water.
Result Callout: Efficiency jumps to 60–70% in practice, with a theoretical ceiling near 85%.
Ajay Palta
How It Works (Step-by-Step)
Step 1 – Compression:
Water droplets flash into steam, flattening P–T curve.
Step 2 – Cap
- Peak pressure/temperature controlled at TDC.
Step 3 – Expansion
Steam-rich expansion holds pressure longer, adds work.
Step 4 – Exhaust & Condense:
Exhaust ~400 K, condenser recycles water.
